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Joe Biden


Joseph Robinnete Biden Jr.

Gabatarwa

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr., masanin tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa, lauya, gogaggen ɗan siyasa wanda ya samu nasarar shiga zauren majalisar dattawan Amurka tun yana ɗan shekaru 29 da haihuwa; abin da ya saka shi zamowa ɗan majalisar dattawa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da aka taɓa zaɓa a karon farko a wannan majalisa ta dattawan Amurka, daga baya ya zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Amurka, yanzu kuma yake kan kujerar shugabancin ƙasar Amurka.

Farfesa kuma gangaran ka fi gwani (Emeritus), Thomas Maroney, ya yi wani hasashe game da Biden tun lokacin da shi Biden ɗin yake ɗalibtar zama lauya a jami’a Syracuse da cewa: "Ina ji a raina cewa wannan ɗalibin matashi zai iya zama wani babban mutum a rayuwarsa", Syracuse University (2018). A yayin da ita kuma Jami’ar ta ce: “Abubuwa kaɗan zai iya hangowa, ko kuma koma wane ne cikin yin haka (hasashe) bisa dace, game da nisan zangon da Biden zai iya kaiwa, daga makarantar lauyanci, zuwa aikin lauya, zuwa gwamnatin jaha, zuwa shekaru 35 a matsayin ɗan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar jahar Delaware, da kuma zamowarsa mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Amurka na tsawon zangunan mulki biyu – ofishin gwamnatin tarayya mafi girma da wani tsohon ɗalibin jami’ar Syracuse ya taɓa riƙewa”.

Jami'ar Syracuse ta ruwaito waɗanda suka tsayar da Biden a matsayin ɗan takarar shugabancin ƙasar Amurka suna cewa: "Fitaccen da kyakkyawan ambatonsa (reputation) ya zarce shi, na-gari-na-kowa, mai hidimtawa al'umma sannan kuma mutum wayayye mai tausayi da hangen nesa wanda ya yi nasara a doron duniya, wannan nagarta tasa ta fi bayyana idan aka zo fagen sasanto a halin da al'amura suka rincaɓe musamman a tsakanin masu hamayya da juna" Syracuse University (2018).

Binciken da masana halayyar ɗan’adam suka gudanar, Griebie da Immelman (2020), sun tabbatar da kasancewar Biden: “Mutum mai son jama'a tare da son shiga jama'a, mai maraba da kowa tare kuma da son yin aiki da kowa, sannan kuma mai ƙwarin guiwa a kan cikar burinsa”.

“A matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Biden zai farfaɗo wa da Amurka shugabancinta tare kuma da sake mayar da ƙasar cikin mafi kyawun yanayi”, The White House (2020).

"America tunani (idea) ce. Tunanin da yake da ƙarfin da ya fi na soja, ya fi kowace teku girma, ƙaƙƙarfa sama da duk wani ɗan kama-karya ko azzalumi. Tana ƙarfafar duk wani mai cire tsammani a doron ƙasa, tana tabbatarwa da kowa cuɗanya bisa girmamawa tare kuma da haramtawa ƙiƙi-juna matsugunni. Tana dasa wa kowane mutum a wannan ƙasa imanin cewa ko tayaya ya fara rayuwa, babu abin da zai hana shi kaiwa ga nasara matuƙar ya yi aiki domin samun nasarar. Wannan shi ne abin da muka yi imani da shi", Joe Biden ranar 25 ga watan Afirilu, 2019.

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr., shi Rumbun Ilimi yake son baku labarinsa a taƙaice kuma bisa hujjoji.


Zuwan Biden da Jill White House
Hoto:dw.com

Haihuwa

Sunansa Joseph Robinette Biden Jr., wanda kuma ake kira da Joe Biden a taƙaice, ko kuma Joe R. Biden Jr., da kuma Joe Robinette Biden Jr. An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwambar shekarar 1942; yanzu haka yana da shekaru 79 (1942 – 2021) da haihuwa. A garin Scranton da ke cikin jahar Pennsylvania aka haife shi daga baya mahaifansa suka canja sheƙa zuwa garin Claymont a matakin farko daga baya kuma Wilmington duk a cikin jahar Delaware a cikin shekarar 1953. Shi ne ɗa na farko daga cikin ‘ya’ya huɗu ga Joseph Robinette Biden, Sr., da Catherine Eugenia Finnegan Biden.

Karatu

  1. Makarantar firmare ta Paul's Elementary School a garin Scranton na jahar Pennsylvania.
  2. Makarantar sikandire ta St. Helena School da ke garin Claymont a jahar Delaware.
  3. Makarantar sikandire ta Archmere Academy da ke garin Claymont a jahar Delaware, 1961.
  4. Jami’ar Delaware (University of Delaware), inda ya yi karatun digiri a fannin tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa (History and political science), 1965.
  5. Jami’ar Syracuse (Syracuse University) inda ya yi karatun digiri a fannin lauyanci, 1968.

Ayyuka

  • 1968 – 1970: Mai sharia (Attorney) a garin Wilmington na jahar Delaware.
  • 1970 – 1972: Ɗan majalisar jaha a majalisar New Castle (Council Member, New Castle County Council).
  • 1972 – 2009: Ɗan majalisar dattawa mai wakiltar jahar Delaware.
  • 2009 – 2017: Mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Amurka.
  • 2019 – 2020: Takarar shugabancin ƙasa.
  • 2020 zuwa yau: Shugaban ƙasar Amurka.

Muƙamai

  • 1987–1995: Shugaban Kwamatin Shari'a (Judiciary Committee) a zaurne majalisar dattawan Amurka.
  • 2001–2003; 2007–2009: Shugaban Kwamatin Hulɗa da ƙasashen ƙetare a zauren majalisar dattawan Amurka.

Majalisar Dattawa

A cikin shekarar 1972, Joseph R. Biden Jr., mai shekaru 29 da haihuwa, ya samu nasarar lashe zaɓen ɗan majalisar dattawan Amurka mai wakiltar jahar Delaware da ƙuri'un da yawansu ya kai kashi 58% na yawan dukkan ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Samun wannan nasarar cin zaɓe ta bashi damar zamowa ɗan majalisar dattawan Amurka mafi ƙarancin shekaru da aka zaɓa a karon farko iya tsawon tarihin siyasar Amurka.

Biden ya zauna tsawon shekaru 32 (1973 - 2009) a wannan majalisa tare kuma da jagorantar kwamitoci biyu: Kwamatin Shari'a da Kwamatin Harkokin Ƙasashen Ƙetare tare kuma da gabatar da ƙudurorin da suka zama doka masu tarin yawa.

Ƙudurori

Joe Biden, a zamansa na shekaru 32 a majalisar dattawan Amurka mai wakiltar dukkan jama’ar jahar Delaware da yawansu yake daf da 900,000 a bisa alƙaluman da aka samu daga hukumar ƙidaya ta Amurka (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Biden ya gabatar da ƙudurori na ƙashin kansa da dama da kuma waɗanda ya gabatar bisa haɗin guiwa. A nan za mu kawo guda 42 da ya gabatar a ƙashin kansa kuma suka zama doka:

  1. 1973: S. J. Res. 65 (93rd): A joint resolution requesting the President to issue a proclamation designating the week of April 23, 1973, as “Nicholas Copernicus Week” marking the quinquecentennial of his birth.
  2. 1977: S. 1682 (95th): A bill to provide for the implementation of treaties for the transfer of offenders to or from foreign countries.
  3. 1979: S. 1482 (96th): Classified Information Criminal Trial Procedures Act.
  4. 1981: S. 923 (97th): Pretrial Services Act of 1982
  5. 1986: S. J. Res. 329 (99th): A joint resolution to designate the period of December 1, 1986, through December 7, 1986, as “National Aplastic Anemia Awareness Week”.
  6. 1987: S. 1822 (100th): Sentencing Act of 1987.
  7. 1987: S. 1851 (100th): Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987 (the Proxmire Act).
  8. 1988: S. J. Res. 240 (100th): A joint resolution to designate the period commencing on May 16, 1988 and ending on May 22, 1988, as “National Safe Kids Week.”
  9. 1989: S. 604 (101st): A bill to amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase settlement authority and expand coverage relating to claims for damages resulting from law enforcement activities.
  10. 1989: S. 1338 (101st): Biden-Roth-Cohen Flag Protection Act of 1989.
  11. 1989: S. J. Res. 205 (101st): A joint resolution designating December 3 through 9, 1989, as “National Cities Fight Back Against Drugs Week”.
  12. 1990: S. J. Res. 257 (101st): A joint resolution to designate March 10, 1990, as “Harriet Tubman Day”.
  13. 1990: S. 2224 (101st): A bill to authorize appropriations for the Administrative Conference of the United States for fiscal years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, and for other purposes.
  14. 1990: S. J. Res. 264 (101st): A joint resolution to commemorate the 50th of the National Sheriffs’ Association.
  15. 1990: S. J. Res. 309 (101st): A joint resolution designating the month of October 1990 as “Crime Prevention Month”.
  16. 1990: S. J. Res. 373 (101st): Delaware-New Jersey Compact.
  17. 1990: S. 3266 (101st): Crime Control Act of 1990.
  18. 1991: S. 1451 (102nd): Benjamin Franklin Memorial Fire Service Bill of Rights Act.
  19. 1991: S. 1552 (102nd): White Clay Creek Study Act.
  20. 1991: S. 1568 (102nd): A bill to amend the Act incorporating the American Legion so as to redefine eligibility for membership therein.
  21. 1991: S. 1963 (102nd): A bill to amend section 992 of title 28, United States Code, to provide a member of the United States Sentencing Commission whose term has expired may continue to serve until a successor is appointed or until the expiration of the next se.
  22. 1992: S. J. Res. 279 (102nd): A joint resolution designating April 14, 1992, as “Education and Sharing Day, U.S.A”.
  23. 1993: S. J. Res. 56 (103rd): A joint resolution to designate the week beginning April 12, 1993, as “National Public Safety Telecommunicators Week”.
  24. 1993: S. J. Res. 62 (103rd): A joint resolution to designate the week beginning April 25, 1993, as “National Crime Victims’ Right Week”.
  25. 1993: S. J. Res. 134 (103rd): A joint resolution to designate October 19, 1993, as “National Mammography Day.”
  26. 1993: S. 1764 (103rd): A bill to provide for the extension of certain authority for the Marshal of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court Police.
  27. 1994: S. J. Res. 220 (103rd): A joint resolution to designate October 19, 1994, as “National Mammography Day”.
  28. 1999: S. 519 (106th): A bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to make corrections to a map relating to the Coastal Barrier Resources System.
  29. 1999: S. 574 (106th): A bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to make corrections to a map relating to the Coastal Barrier Resources System.
  30. 2000: S. 1849 (106th): White Clay Creek Wild and Scenic Rivers System Act.
  31. 2004: S. 2195 (108th): Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004.
  32. 2006: S. 1184 (109th): A bill to waive the passport fees for a relative of a deceased member of the Armed Forces proceeding abroad to visit the grave of such member or to attend a funeral or memorial service for such member.
  33. 2007: S. 676 (110th): A bill to provide that the Executive Director of the Inter-American Development Bank or the Alternate Executive Director of the Inter-American Development Bank may serve on the Board of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation.
  34. 2007: S. 1060 (110th): Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007.
  35. 2008: S. 1738 (110th): PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008.
  36. 2007: S. 2106 (110th): Procedural Fairness for September 11 Victims Act of 2007.
  37. 2008: S. 2565 (110th): Law Enforcement Congressional Badge of Bravery Act of 2008.
  38. 2008: S. 2731 (110th): Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIƁ/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008.
  39. 2008: S. 3061 (110th): William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008.
  40. 2008: S. 3218 (110th): Criminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2008.
  41. 2008: S. 3370 (110th): Libyan Claims Resolution Act.
  42. 2008: S. 3605 (110th): Criminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2008.

Am ɗauko waɗannan ƙudurori kai tsaye daga shafin Government Track.

Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasa

Bayan nazarin tsawon watanni biyu Barack Obama yana tuntuntuni kan wanda zai zamar masa mataimaki; “Domin ya tafi da mataimakin da zai ƙara masa yawan ƙuri’un da za su toshe masa kafar da yake da ita, a maimakon ɗaukar wanda zai kawo masa jaha ko kuma ya ƙarfafi manufar Obama ta kawo sauyi”, Nagourney da Zeleny (2008), kwatsam, sai saƙonnin suka bayyana ta saƙon kar-ta-kwana da kuma saƙonnin Imel inda ya bayyana cewa: “Aboki, ina da wani muhimmin labarin da nake son ya zama a hukumance. Na zaɓi Joe Biden ya zamar min abokin takara”, Nagourney da Zeleny (2008).

A rana 23 ga watan Agustan 2008, Barack Obama ya ayyana Biden a matsayin abokin takararsa biyowa bayan samun sahalewar tsayawa takarar da shi Obama ya yi a jama'iyyarsu ta Dimokurat.


Joseph Robinnete Biden Jr. A dandamalin yaƙin neman zaɓe a karon farko bayan ɗaukarsa a matsayin mataimakin Obama
Hoto:New York Intelligencer

Takarar Shugaban Ƙasa

  1. 1988: Ya yi yunƙurin neman takarar shugabancin Amurka amma daga bisani ya janye bisa dalilan cewa wani ɓangare na jawaban takarar an saci fasaha ne daga jagoran jama'iyyar Lebo ta Birtaniya, Neil Kinnock.
  2. 2008: Ya sake tsayawa nema takara sannan kuma ya janye bayan ya zo na biyar a jawaban takara da aka gudanar a jahar Iowa.
  3. 2019: A karo na uku, Biden ya ayyana sake tsayawa takarar neman tsayawa takarar shugabancin Amurka a ranar 25 ga watan Afirilun shekarar 2019, wanda kuma ya samu sahalewar jama'iyyarsa ta Dimokurat da gagarumar nasara bayan ya rafke sauran masu buƙatar wannan takara da yawansu ya kai 28 a wannan babbar jama’iyya ta Dimokurat.

Shugaban Ƙasa

Biyowa bayan samun nasarar cin zaɓen fidda gwani da jama’iyyarsa ta gudanar, Biden, ya fito takarar neman shugabancin Amurka a zaɓen da aka gudanar a shekarar 2020.

Samu ƙuri’u mafiya rinjaye da yawansu ya haura miliyan 81 a babban zaɓen da aka gudanar a Amurka a shekarar 2020 cikin zulumin mummunar annobar da ta addabi duniya a lokacin; cutar shaƙewar nunfashi (Coɓid-19 Pandemic), da kuma ƙuri'u 306 da ya samu a zaɓen amintattu (Electoral College) da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwambar 2020, su suka baiwa Biden tikitin ɗarewa wannan kujera ta shugabancin Amurka.

Joe Biden ya yi rantsuwar kama aiki a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2021 a dandanlin Capitol.


Joseph Robinnete Biden Jr. A dandamalin yaƙin neman zaɓe a karon farko bayan ɗaukarsa a matsayin mataimakin Obama
Hoto:Las Vegas Review-Journal

Auratayya

Bayan kammala karatunsa a jami’ar Delaware, ya auri abokiyar karantunsa mai suna Neilia Hunter, matar da ta haifa masa ‘ya’ya uku; Joseph, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Beau, an haife shi a shekarar 1969; Robert, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Hunter, an haife shi a shekarar 1970; da kuma Naomi, mai laƙabin Amy wadda aka haifa a shekarar 1971.


Joseph R. Biden Jr., da iyalansa
Hoto:whyy.com

Hunter, matar Biden ta rasu tare da ‘yarta mai suna Naomi a shekarar 1973 jim kaɗan bayan zaɓar Biden a matsayin ɗan majalisar dattawan Amurka mai wakiltar jahar Delaware. Rasuwar tasu ta biyo bayan wani mummunan hatsarin mota da ya afku da su sati guda kafin bikin Sallar Kirsimatin shekarar 1972 a lokacin da suka je sayayyar Kirsimati tare da ‘ya’yanta uku; Beau, Hunter da Naomi. Su kansu biyu sun samu munanan raunuka.

Biyowa bayan wannan rasuwa, Biden ya sake auren wata matar mai suna Jill Jacobs a cikin shekarar 1977. Ita kuwa Jill, tana da digirin-digirgir a fannin Ilimi (Doctorate in Education) wadda kuma a halin yanzu take malama a wata kwalejin al’umma (community college) a Arewacin Ɓirginia.


Joseph Robinnete Biden Jr. da uwar gida Dr. Jill
Hoto:abcnews.com

Haka nan ma babban ɗansa, wato Beau, ya rasu a cikin shekarar 2015 biyowa bayan cutar kansar ƙwaƙwalwa da ta addabe shi. Tun kafin rasuwar tasa, Beau shi ne babban mai shari’a na jahar Delaware (Attorney General) daga shekarar 2007 zuwa 2015.

Ɗansa na biyu kuma wato Hunter, a yanzu haka lauya ne mai zaman kansa da ke da ofishi a Washington D.C. babban birnin ƙasar ta Amurka. Sai kuma Ashley, wadda suka haifa tare da Jill, ma’aikaciya ce a Hukumar Adalci (Centre for Justice) ta jahar Delaware.


'Ya'yan Biden; Beau, Ashley da Hunter
Hoto:The WHite House

Haka nan ma ta fuskacin jikoki, shugaban ƙasa Biden yana da su har guda biyar: Naomi, Finnegan, Roberta Mabel wadda ake yi wa laƙabi da Maisy, Natalie, da kuma Robert Hunter.

Lambobin Yabo/Kyaututtukan Girmamawa

Ya karɓi lambobin yabo da kyaututtukan girmamawa da dama. Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:

  • Lambar yabo mafi girma a Amurka da Obama ya bashi. Mai taken, Presidential Medal of Freedom wadda aka yi a ranar 27/1/2017.


    • Obama yana rataya wa Biden lambar girmamawa
    Hoto:NPR

  • Haka nan ma jami’arsa ta Syracuse, ta ta ƙayata shi lambar yabo mai taken Law Honors Medal, wadda aka yi a ranar Talata 31 ga watan 7 na shekarar 2018.

Wasu Abubuwa

  1. Biden ne sanata mafi ƙarancin shekaru na farko da aka taɓa zaɓa a majalisar dattawan Amurka.
  2. Biden ne shugaban ƙasar da ya fara samun ƙuri’an da suka haura miliyan 81 sama da shekaru ɗari biyu da aka shafe ana zaɓe a Amurka.
  3. Biden ne shugaban ƙasa na farko mafi yawan shekaru a tarihin siyasar Amurka.
  4. Biden ne shugaban ƙasa na farko da ya ɗauki mace a matsayin mataimakiyar kuma baƙar fata mai tushe a Afirka (American African).

Wannan shi ne Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. a taƙaice.

Manazarta

(2021). Joe Biden. An ciro a 2021, daga https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden

Biden Institute (2021). JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.bidenschool.udel.edu/bideninstitute/about/joseph-r-biden-jr

Encyclopaedia (2021, March 31). Joe Biden. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joe-Biden

Congress (2021). Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Joseph R. Biden Jr. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-biden/B000444

Davis B. (2021). Who is president Joe Biden? The life and career of the man who dared to take on Donald Trump. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.standard.co.uk/news/us-politics/joe-biden-life-career-b40229.html

Delaware (2009). Delaware Vital Statistics Annual report, 2009. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/hp/files/population09.pdf

Govtrack (2021). Advanced Search for Legislation. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills

A. M. da Immelman A. (2020). The Political Personality of 2020 Democratic Presidential Nominee Joe Biden. College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University St. Joseph, MN 56374, U.S.A., Unit for the Study of Personality in Politics. An ciro a shekarar 2021, daga http://personality-politics.org/

Kultu O. (2020). Profile: Who is US President-elect Joe Biden? After 4 years away, former vice president returning to public service to president's seat in Oval Office. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/profile-who-is-us-president-elect-joe-biden/2035820

Library of Congress (2021). Requirements for the President of the United States. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/elections/presidential-election-process/requirements-for-the-president-of-the-united-states/

Nagourney A. da Zeleny J. (2008). Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/us/politics/24biden.html

National Geography (2021). Joe Biden 46gh President of the United States. An ciro a 2021, daga https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/joe-biden

Nevet J. da McLennan W. (2021). Joe Biden: Unearthing the president's unsung English roots. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57394351

Syracuse University (2018). Joseph R. Biden Jr Class of 1968. Syracuse University, College of Law Alumni Association, Dineen Hall, 950 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13244-6070, U.S.A.

The White House (2021). Vice President Joe Biden. An ciro a 2021, daga https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/vp

The White House (2021). Joe Biden. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-biden/

United State Senate (2021). Foreign Relations Committee. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/image/frc.htm

United State Senate (Babu Shekara). About the Vice President (President of the Senate). An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president.htm

USA Government (2021). Presidents, Vice Presidents, and First Ladies of the United States. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.usa.gov/presidents

Wong K. K. (2020). The Biden presidency and a new direction in education policy. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/12/17/the-biden-presidency-and-a-new-direction-in-education-policy/

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